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<ArticleSet>
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>IJIRCSTJournal</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science and Technology</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN>I</PISSN>
      <EISSN>S</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue>Volume 14 Issue 1</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Computer Science</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>January - February 2026</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>2026</Year>
        <Month>01</Month>
        <Day>03</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Computer Sciences</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>Handwritten Notes Digitization and Multilingual Summarization Using OCR and Generative AI</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>9</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>16</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Suchetha N V</FirstName>          
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
                      <FirstName>Anisha Upadhayaya H S</FirstName>          
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
                    <FirstName>Anushree U Rao</FirstName>          
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
                    <FirstName>H N Swati</FirstName>          
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
                    <FirstName>Mallana  Gowda G S</FirstName>          
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
           
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI>https://doi.org/10.55524/ijircst.2026.14.1.2</DOI>
      <Abstract>This research proposes a fully client-side system for digitising and summarising handwritten notes that integrate optical character recognition (OCR) with advanced natural language generation models. Initial experimentation with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)&amp;ndash; based handwritten character recognition system revealed significant challenges, including low recognition accuracy, strong dependence on dataset quality, and poor generalisation across diverse handwriting styles. A subsequent implementation using Gemini 2.5 Pro provided high-quality English summaries but failed to deliver equivalent performance for multilingual academic content. To overcome these issues, this study adopts a hybrid methodology combining Tesseract.js OCR for multilingual text extraction with Gemini 2.5 Flash for fast, context-aware, and language-flexible summarization. The system is able to take handwritten notes, convert them into clear and readable text, and produce well-structured academic summaries across different subjects and languages. Our tests show that it works reliably, adapts well to multiple languages, and is easy to use, making it a strong and practical tool for educational digitization.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>Handwritten Note Digitization, OCR, CNN, NLP, Multilingual Processing, Summarization, Deep Learning</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://ijircst.org/abstract.php?article_id=1430</Abstract>
      </URLs>      
    </Journal>
  </Article>
</ArticleSet>