Ethical Challenges in Artificial Intelligence: A Review of Issues and Frameworks

Shivangi Srivastava

doi:10.55524/ijircst.2025.13.3.7

Abstract

The emergence of new technologies similar as Artificial Intelligence[AI] has the implicit to disrupt sectors, diligence, governance, and day- to- day life conditioning. Rather than easing societal progress, the advancement of AI comes with increased innovative openings, challenges, and efficiencies to be employed. This systematic research is dedicated to the profound AI ethical dilemmas that touch every and, human values across society. This paper systematically reviews possible ethical dilemmas caused during the development and/or deployment of AI with respect to bias and fairness, transparency and explainability, accountability and responsibility, privacy and surveillance, and human autonomy. Using algorithm-based systems comes with the danger of “black box” opaque decision making. These gaps are particularly problematic in autonomous systems where the traditional concepts of legal and moral liability become incredibly difficult to assign which includes critical domains like healthcare and transportation. This paper analyzes the OECD [Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development] AI Principles, EU (European Union) Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI and also the uses of GDPR where AI Ethic Governance models of Right to Explanations.It critically analyzes the strengths and limitations of these approaches, relating significant gaps in perpetration, enforcement, and global adjustment. The exploration highlights the pressure between invention and regulation, demonstrating how current tone-nonsupervisory measures frequently fall suddenly of addressing systemic pitfalls.

Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, Bias, Accountability, Transparency, AI Governance, OECD

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Cites this article as

S. Srivastava "Ethical Challenges in Artificial Intelligence: A Review of Issues and Frameworks", International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science and Technology (IJIRCST), Vol-13, Issue-3, Page No-47-51, 2025. Available from: https://doi.org/10.55524/ijircst.2025.13.3.7

Corresponding Author

Shivangi Srivastava

Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Application, C.M.P Degree College, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

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