1. E. P. Adeghe, C. A. Okolo, and O. T. Ojeyinka, "A review of wearable technology in healthcare: Monitoring patient health and enhancing outcomes," OARJ of Multidisciplinary Studies, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 142–148, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.53022/oarjms.2024.7.1.0019.

2. M. U. Tariq, "Advanced wearable medical devices and their role in transformative remote health monitoring," in Transformative Approaches to Patient Literacy and Healthcare Innovation, IGI Global, 2024, pp. 308–326. Available: https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3661-8.ch015.

3. A. Ahuja, S. Agrawal, S. Acharya, N. Batra, and V. Daiya, "Advancements in wearable digital health technology: A review of epilepsy management," Cureus, vol. 16, no. 3, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.57037.

4. T. Ahmad, "3D localization techniques for wireless sensor networks," Ph.D. dissertation, Auckland Univ. of Technol., Auckland, New Zealand, 2019. Available: https://openrepository.aut.ac.nz/handle/10292/12965.

5. P. Kaniewski and T. Kraszewski, "Drone-based system for localization of people inside buildings," in Proc. 2018 14th Int. Conf. Adv. Trends Radioelectron., Telecommun. Comput. Eng. (TCSET), Lviv-Slavske, Ukraine, 2018, pp. 46–51. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSET.2018.8336153.

6. B. Dil, S. Dulman, and P. Havinga, "Range-based localization in mobile sensor networks," in Proc. Eur. Workshop Wireless Sensor Networks, Berlin, Germany, Feb. 2006, pp. 164–179. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11669463_14.

7. J. Skoda and R. Barták, "Camera-based localization and stabilization of a flying drone," in Proc. 28th Int. Flairs Conf., Palm Beach, FL, USA, Apr. 2015. Available: https://cdn.aaai.org/ocs/10398/10398-46074-1-PB.pdf.

8. T. Ahmad, X. J. Li, and B. C. Seet, "Parametric loop division for 3D localization in wireless sensor networks," Sensors, vol. 17, no. 7, p. 1697, Jul. 2017. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17071697.

9. V. Rajendran, K. Obraczka, and J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, "Energy-efficient, collision-free medium access control for wireless sensor networks," in Proc. ACM SenSys '03, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Nov. 2003, pp. 181–192. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-006-6151-z.

10. L. Bao and J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, "A new approach to channel access scheduling for ad hoc networks," in Proc. 7th Annu. Int. Conf. Mobile Comput. Netw., 2001, pp. 210–221. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/381677.381698.

11. M. Wang, J. Chen, and J. Ma, "Monitoring and evaluating the status and behaviour of construction workers using wearable sensing technologies," Autom. Constr., vol. 165, 2024, p. 105555. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105555.

12. E. S. Spatz, G. S. Ginsburg, J. S. Rumsfeld, and M. P. Turakhia, "Wearable digital health technologies for monitoring in cardiovascular medicine," N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 390, no. 4, pp. 346–356, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra2301903.

13. T. Ahmad, X. J. Li, and B. C. Seet, "A self-calibrated centroid localization algorithm for indoor ZigBee WSNs," in Proc. 2016 8th IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. Softw. Netw. (ICCSN), Beijing, China, 2016, pp. 455–461. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSN.2016.7587200.

14. A. Albanese, V. Sciancalepore, and X. Costa-Pérez, "SARDO: An automated search-and-rescue drone-based solution for victims localization," IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput., vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 3312–3325, 2021. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2021.3051273.

15. P. Nguyen, T. Kim, J. Miao, D. Hesselius, E. Kenneally, D. Massey, E. Frew, R. Han, and T. Vu, "Towards RF-based localization of a drone and its controller," in Proc. 5th Workshop Micro Aerial Vehicle Networks, Systems, and Appl., 2019, pp. 21–26. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CDS52072.2021.00079.

16. D. Prakashan, A. Kaushik, and S. Gandhi, "Smart sensors and wound dressings: Artificial intelligence-supported chronic skin monitoring–A review," Chem. Eng. J., vol. 154371, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.154371.

17. M. B. Kulkarni, S. Rajagopal, B. Prieto-Simón, and B. W. Pogue, "Recent advances in smart wearable sensors for continuous human health monitoring," Talanta, vol. 272, p. 125817, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125817.

18. T. Ahmad, X. J. Li, and B.-C. Seet, "3D localization based on parametric loop division and subdivision surfaces for wireless sensor networks," in Proc. 2016 25th Wireless and Optical Communication Conf. (WOCC), pp. 1–6, 2016. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCC.2016.7506540

19. Y. C. Tay, K. Jamieson, and H. Balakrishnan, “Collision minimizing CSMA and its applications to wireless sensor networks,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1048–1057, Aug. 2004. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2004.830898

20. J. Yousaf, H. Zia, M. Alhalabi, M. Yaghi, T. Basmaji, E. Al Shehhi, A. Gad, M. Alkhedher, and M. Ghazal, "Drone and controller detection and localization: Trends and challenges," Appl. Sci., vol. 12, no. 24, p. 12612, 2022. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412612

21. J.-H. Kang, K.-J. Park, and H. Kim, "Analysis of localization for drone-fleet," in Proc. 2015 Int. Conf. Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), pp. 533–538, 2015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTC.2015.7354604

22. T. Ahmad, X. J. Li, and B.-C. Seet, "3D localization using social network analysis for wireless sensor networks," in Proc. 2018 IEEE 3rd Int. Conf. Communication and Information Systems (ICCIS), pp. 88–92, 2018. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOMIS.2018.8644742

23. J. H. Betzing, "Beacon-based customer tracking across the high street: perspectives for location-based smart services in retail," 2018. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2019.1689154

24. H. Zhang, G. Wang, Z. Lei, and J. N. Hwang, "Eye in the sky: Drone-based object tracking and 3D localization," in Proc. 27th ACM Int. Conf. Multimedia, pp. 899–907, Oct. 2019. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1910.08259

25. I. Bisio, C. Garibotto, H. Haleem, F. Lavagetto, and A. Sciarrone, "On the localization of wireless targets: A drone surveillance perspective," IEEE Network, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 249–255, 2021. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MNET.011.2000648

26. L. Jayatilleke and N. Zhang, "Landmark-based localization for unmanned aerial vehicles," in Proc. 2013 IEEE Int. Systems Conf. (SysCon), pp. 448–451, Apr. 2013. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/SysCon.2013.6549921

27. T. Ahmad, M. Usman, M. Murtaza, I. B. Benitez, A. Anwar, V. Vassiliou, A. Irshad, X. J. Li, and E. A. Al-Ammar, "A novel self-calibrated UWB based indoor localization system for context-aware applications," IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., 2024. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2024.3369193

28. H. Lu, "Ultrasonic signal design for beacon-based indoor localization," 2021. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WISP.2005.1531684

29. X. Chang, C. Yang, J. Wu, X. Shi, and Z. Shi, "A surveillance system for drone localization and tracking using acoustic arrays," in Proc. 2018 IEEE 10th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM), pp. 573–577, 2018. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/SAM.2018.8448409

30. S. O. Al-Jazzar and Y. Jaradat, "AOA-based drone localization using wireless sensor-doublets," Phys. Commun., vol. 42, p. 101160, 2020. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2020.101160

31. T. Ahmad, X. J. Li, B.-C. Seet, and J. C. Cano, "Social network analysis based localization technique with clustered closeness centrality for 3D wireless sensor networks," Electronics, vol. 9, no. 5, p. 738, 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOMIS.2018.8644742

32. K. Amer, M. Samy, R. ElHakim, M. Shaker, and M. ElHelw, "Convolutional neural network-based deep urban signatures with application to drone localization," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vision Workshops, pp. 2138–2145, 2017. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVW.2017.250

33. X. Cheng, F. Shu, Y. Li, Z. Zhuang, D. Wu, and J. Wang, "Optimal measurement of drone swarm in RSS-based passive localization with region constraints," IEEE Open J. Veh. Technol., vol. 4, pp. 1–11, 2022. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2022.3213866

34. M. Meles, A. Rajasekaran, K. Ruttik, R. Virrankoski, and R. Jäntti, "Measurement based performance evaluation of drone self-localization using AoA of cellular signals," in Proc. 2021 24th Int. Symp. Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC), pp. 1–5, 2021. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/WPMC52694.2021.9700407

35. M. A. Saleem, Z. Shijie, M. U. Sarwar, T. Ahmad, A. Maqbool, C. S. Shivachi, and M. Tariq, "Deep learning-based dynamic stable cluster head selection in VANET," J. Adv. Transp., 2021. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9936299

36. H. Xu, Y. Tu, W. Xiao, Y. Mao, and T. Shen, “An Archimedes curve-based mobile anchor node localization algorithm in wireless sensor networks,” in Proc. 8th World Congr. Intell. Control Autom. (WCICA ?10), pp. 6993–6997, Jinan, China, Jul. 2010. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/WCICA.2010.5554257

37. J. Lee, W. Chung, and E. Kim, “Robust DV-Hop algorithm for localization in wireless sensor network,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Control, Autom. Syst., pp. 2506–2509, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, Oct. 2010. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAS.2010.5670294

38. Y. Gu, Q. Song, Y. Li, M. Ma, and Z. Zhou, "An anchor-based pedestrian navigation approach using only inertial sensors," Sensors, vol. 16, no. 3, p. 334, 2016. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16030334

39. T. Ahmad, X. J. Li, and B.-C. Seet, "Noise reduction scheme for parametric loop division 3D wireless localization algorithm based on extended Kalman filtering," J. Sensor Actuator Networks, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 24, 2019. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan8020024

40. X. Cheng, W. Shi, W. Cai, W. Zhu, T. Shen, F. Shu, and J. Wang, "Communication-efficient coordinated RSS-based distributed passive localization via drone cluster," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 1072–1076, 2021. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2021.3125361

41. C. Steup, J. Beckhaus, and S. Mostaghim, "A single-copter UWB-ranging-based localization system extendable to a swarm of drones," Drones, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 85, 2021. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/drones5030085

42. N. Yang, C. Fan, H. Chen, M. Tang, J. Hu, and Z. Zhang, "The next-generation of metaverse embodiment interaction devices: A self-powered sensing smart monitoring system," Chem. Eng. J., vol. 499, p. 156512, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.156512.

43. F. Ecer, ?. Y. Ögel, H. Dinçer, and S. Yüksel, "Assessment of Metaverse wearable technologies for smart livestock farming through a neuro quantum spherical fuzzy decision-making model," Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 255, p. 124722, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.124722.

44. T. Ahmad, X. J. Li, and B.-C. Seet, "Fuzzy-logic based localization for mobile sensor networks," in Proc. 2019 2nd Int. Conf. Communication, Computing and Digital Systems (CCODE), pp. 43–47, 2019. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/C-CODE.2019.8681024

45. Z. Zheng, Y. Wei, and Y. Yang, "University-1652: A multi-view multi-source benchmark for drone-based geo-localization," in Proc. 28th ACM Int. Conf. Multimedia, pp. 1395–1403, Oct. 2020. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3394171.3413896

46. V. Delafontaine, F. Schiano, G. Cocco, A. Rusu, and D. Floreano, "Drone-aided localization in LoRa IoT networks," in Proc. 2020 IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 286–292, 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA40945.2020.9196869

47. F. Han, P. Ge, F. Wang, Y. Yang, S. Chen, J. Kang, Y. Ren et al., "Smart contact lenses: From rational design strategies to wearable health monitoring," Chem. Eng. J., vol. 154823, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.154823

48. N. L. Kazanskiy, S. N. Khonina, and M. A. Butt, "A review on flexible wearables—Recent developments in non-invasive continuous health monitoring," Sens. Actuators A: Phys., vol. 114993, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2023.114993

49. T. Ahmad, X. J. Li, A. K. Cherukuri, and K. I. Kim, "Hierarchical localization algorithm for sustainable ocean health in large-scale underwater wireless sensor networks," Sustainable Comput.: Informatics Syst., vol. 39, p. 100902, 2023. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2023.100902

50. M. I. U. Haq, R. A. Khalil, M. Almutiry, A. Sawalmeh, T. Ahmad, and N. Saeed, "Robust graph-based localization for industrial Internet of Things in the presence of flipping ambiguities," CAAI Trans. Intell. Technol., 2023. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cit2.12203

51. J. Wang, S. Liu, Z. Chen, T. Shen, Y. Wang, R. Yin, H. Liu, C. Liu, and C. Shen, "Ultrasensitive electrospinning fibrous strain sensor with synergistic conductive network for human motion monitoring and human-computer interaction," J. Mater. Sci. Technol., vol. 213, pp. 213–222, 2025. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.07.003.

52. N. Pini, W. P. Fifer, J. Oh, C. Nebeker, J. M. Croff, B. A. Smith, and Novel Technology/Wearable Sensors Working Group, "Remote data collection of infant activity and sleep patterns via wearable sensors in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study (HBCD)," Dev. Cogn. Neurosci., vol. 69, p. 101446, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101446.

53. T. Ahmad, X. J. Li, W. Wenchao, and A. Ghaffar, "Frugal sensing: A novel approach of mobile sensor network localization based on fuzzy-logic," in Proc. ACM MobiArch 2020 The 15th Workshop on Mobility in the Evolving Internet Architecture, pp. 8–15, Sep. 2020. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3411043.3412509

54. G. Sacco, E. Pittella, S. Pisa, and E. Piuzzi, "A MISO radar system for drone localization," in Proc. 2018 5th IEEE Int. Workshop Metrology AeroSpace (MetroAeroSpace), pp. 549–553, 2018. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAeroSpace.2018.8453572

55. Z. Wang, N. Yi, Z. Zheng, J. Zhou, P. Zhou, C. Zheng, H. Chen, G. Shen, and M. Weng, "Self-powered and degradable humidity sensors based on silk nanofibers and its wearable and human–machine interaction applications," Chem. Eng. J., vol. 497, p. 154443, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.154443.

56. X. Wang, H. Ji, L. Gao, R. Hao, Y. Shi, J. Yang, Y. Hao, and J. Chen, "Wearable hydrogel-based health monitoring systems: A new paradigm for health monitoring?," Chem. Eng. J., vol. 495, p. 153382, 2024. Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.153382

57. T. Ahmad, I. Khan, A. Irshad, S. Ahmad, A. T. Soliman, A. A. Gardezi, M. Shafiq, and J.-G. Choi, "Spark spectrum allocation for D2D communication in cellular networks," CMC–Computers, Mater. & Continua, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 6381–6394, 2022. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.019787

58. Z. Wang, J. Ji, and H. Jin, "Improvement on APIT localization algorithms for wireless sensor networks," in Proc. 2009 Int. Conf. Networks Security, Wireless Commun. and Trusted Comput., vol. 1, pp. 719–723, 2009. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/NSWCTC.2009.370

59. M. Mansour, M. S. Darweesh, and A. Soltan, "Wearable devices for glucose monitoring: A review of state-of-the-art technologies and emerging trends," Alexandria Eng. J., vol. 89, pp. 224–243, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2024.01.021

60. X. Li, X. He, X. Yang, G. Tian, C. Liu, and T. Xu, "A wearable sensor patch for joule-heating sweating and comfortable biofluid monitoring," Sens. Actuators B: Chem., vol. 419, p. 136399, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2024.136399

61. T. Ahmad, "An improved accelerated frame slotted ALOHA (AFSA) algorithm for tag collision in RFID," arXiv preprint arXiv:1405.6217, 2014. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijmnct.2012.2401

62. Y. Wang, X. Wang, D. Wang, and D. P. Agrawal, "Rangefree localization using expected hop progress in wireless sensor networks," IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst., vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1540–1552, 2009. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2008.239

63. M. A. Hasan, T. Ahmad, A. Anwar, S. Siddiq, A. Malik, W. Nazar, and I. Razzaq, "A novel multi-cell interference-aware cooperative QoS-based NOMA group D2D system," Future Internet, vol. 15, no. 4, p. 118, 2023. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi15040118

64. Z. Shah, D. M. Khan, Z. Khan, N. Faiz, S. Hussain, A. Anwar, T. Ahmad, and K.-I. Kim, "A new generalized logarithmic–X family of distributions with biomedical data analysis," Appl. Sci., vol. 13, no. 6, p. 3668, 2023. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063668

65. M. Riaz, H. Dilpazir, S. Naseer, H. Mahmood, A. Anwar, J. Khan, I. B. Benitez, and T. Ahmad, "Secure and fast image encryption algorithm based on modified logistic map," Information, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 172, 2024. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info15030172

66. M. Ashfaq, T. Ahmad, A. Anwar, A. Irshad, I. B. Benitez, and M. Murtaza, "Optimizing message delivery in opportunistic networks with replication-based forwarding," in Proc. 2024 Int. Conf. Engineering & Computing Technologies (ICECT), pp. 1–7, 2024. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECT61618.2024.10581130

67. S. S. Karaman, A. Akarsu, and T. Girici, "Use of particle filtering in RSSI-based localization by drone base stations," in Proc. 2019 Int. Symp. Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC), pp. 1–5, 2019. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISNCC.2019.8909133

68. Y.-H. Jin, K.-W. Ko, and W.-H. Lee, "An indoor location-based positioning system using stereo vision with the drone camera," Mobile Inf. Syst., vol. 2018, p. 5160543, 2018. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5160543

69. M. Tanaka, S. Ishii, A. Matsuoka, S. Tanabe, S. Matsunaga, A. Rahmani, N. Dutt, M. Rasouli, and A. Nyamathi, "Perspectives of Japanese elders and their healthcare providers on use of wearable technology to monitor their health at home: A qualitative exploration," Int. J. Nurs. Stud., vol. 152, p. 104691, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104691.

70. T. Ahmad, X. J. Li, M. Ashfaq, M. Savva, I. Ioannou, and V. Vassiliou, "Location-enabled IoT (LE-IoT): Indoor localization for IoT environments using machine learning," in Proc. 2024 20th Int. Conf. Distributed Computing in Smart Systems and the Internet of Things (DCOSS-IoT), pp. 392–399, 2024. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/DCOSS-IoT61029.2024.00065

71. B. Khan, Z. Riaz, and B. L. Khoo, "Advancements in wearable sensors for cardiovascular disease detection for health monitoring," Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep., vol. 159, p. 100804, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2024.100804.

72. X. Peng, Z. Dai, Q. Zhang, S. Gao, and N. Li, "Intelligent microsphere-gel structures: Pioneering multi-range temperature sensing technology," Appl. Mater. Today, vol. 38, p. 102244, 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.109527

Department of Computer Science, Lampung University, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia