Microservices architecture, described with characteristics of being distributed and loosely coupled, has become popular in recent times for software development. It offers flexibility, scalability, and a fault tolerance that accompanies a different set of security challenges. The introduction of microservices architecture shifted the application development pattern as well as deployment pattern because the monolithic systems were broken down into smaller, independent, and scalable services, but its nature of being distributed generated certain specific security issues. This research paper explores security vulnerabilities related to microservices, analyzes specific problems they raise, and seeks to know the methods and best practices for reducing these threats. Discussed subjects include authentication and authorization, secure communication, data protection, service segregation, monitoring, and incident response. This paper discusses the critical security threats arising with microservices applications and those that include increased attack surface, API security, data protection, and IAM. We discuss the root cause of these weaknesses and then present a feasible approach to combating them. Then we proceed further and involve discussions about security as code and DevSecOps practices and new technologies like blockchain and zero-trust architecture for protecting microservices environments. Organizations can enjoy the benefits of microservices and still keep their applications safe from any kind of threat by identifying these challenges and applying suitable security strategies.
