The article considers the role of antennas in providing direct communication between user devices via satellite networks (D2D scenarios), which is becoming especially relevant in light of the introduction of 5G/6G NTN standards and the development of LEO satellites. The analysis of technical and design requirements for antennas that provide stable communication in conditions of terminal and satellite mobility is performed. Key antenna parameters such as gain, radiation pattern, polarization, efficiency, as well as their impact on the channel quality are described. Attention is paid to the issues of EIRP, SAR balance, polarization matching and automatic pointing. The analysis of issues related to antenna miniaturization, SAR limitations and energy efficiency, as well as the prospects for D2D integration into mass mobile devices is performed. In conclusion, it is shown that further development of D2D communication requires innovative antenna solutions capable of operating in the Ku/Ka bands and providing high throughput with miniaturization and energy efficiency.
Keywords
5G NTN, D2D, Frequency Range, Satellite, Antenna, Phased Array.
