Natural resources and environmental science are crucial in determining the health and sustainability of our world. Understanding the connections between people and the environment as well as the effects of human activity on natural resources are the main goals of this branch of research. Environmental science provides important insights for solving urgent environmental concerns including climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and resource depletion by investigating the deep relationships between natural systems, society, and the economy. The relevance of environmental science and natural resources is briefly discussed in this chapter, emphasizing their importance in fostering a sustainable future.